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Volcanoes and How They Form Volcanoes

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Volcanoes and How They Form
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Reading Level

	edHelper's suggested reading level:	grades 3 to 4
	Flesch-Kincaid grade level:	4.66

Vocabulary

challenging words:

basalt, fiftieth, origin, tends, volcanic, understand, granite, lower, outer, form, underground, light-colored, eruption, meets, molten, lava

Other Languages
     Spanish: Los volcanes y cómo se forman

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Volcanoes and How They Form By Brenda B. Covert

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¹     To understand how volcanoes form, you need to know about the layers within the Earth. The outer layer, the crust, has two parts. They are continental and oceanic. The continental crust is mostly granite, which is a light-colored rock with large crystals. This layer forms the continents. The oceanic crust is mostly basalt. Basalt is Earth's most common rock. It is a very hard, dark-colored rock that doesn't have any large crystals. The ocean floor is made up of mostly basalt. The Earth's crust is about 25 miles thick, on average, beneath the continents. Under the oceans the crust is, on average, about 4 miles thick.
 
²     Beneath the crust is the mantle. The deeper we go into the Earth, the hotter it gets. The mantle is where we find melted rock, called magma. No one has ever been there; they couldn't survive the heat!
 
³     Beneath the mantle is the Earth's core. Scientists believe that it is made up of mostly iron and some nickel, some molten (melted) and some solid. They believe that the innermost part of the core must be solid because it is under so much pressure. The weight of the Earth is pushing down on the inner core from every angle. The outer core is molten liquid. The core is even hotter than the magma in the mantle!

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Volcanoes

Volcanoes

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